Solar System by apparent size

maximum angular diameter

Theoretical maximum angular diameters of Solar System objects.

1. 34.142318167759912317334133764235' (Terran Satellite Luna)
2. 32.547126271128421347619794544615' (Star Sol)
3. 1.0906123267366001865954297950335' (Planet Venus)
4. 50.115577292011594309068223040747" (Planet Jupiter)
5. 25.685340680612365924690116419971" (Planet Mars)
6. 20.710914369111405511819166681816" (Planet Saturn)
7. 13.030602889883030119235614459212" (Planet Mercury)
8. 4.0812943165836861322325384913351" (Planet Uranus)
9. 2.3714321979272179525305286226839" (Planet Neptune)
10. 1.8500081168516257242353190047029" (Jovian Satellite Ganymede)
11. 1.6950999034452030297333809970279" (Jovian Satellite Callisto)
12. 1.2758186006115161532107678507247" (Jovian Satellite Io)
13. 1.0953739293038257329442022843157" (Jovian Satellite Europa)
14. 0.88572560775248785404142250762448" (Saturnian Satellite Titan)

Angular diameters of triaxial ellipsoids are calculated with the middle radius (second equatorial radius).

data

Sol

Star Sol.

• d_e = (1.392684E9 ± 130000) m = 2r_e
• D_min = (1.4709206461346995481837104955408E11 ± 2236.0679886951370999630683009086) m = π₀ − r_max,0
• r_e = (696342 ± 65) km

Jupiter

Planet Jupiter.

• α = 816.363E6 km
• D_min = (5.8849101861346995481837104955408E11 ± 2.2360682011065874613956858897782E6) m = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• μ = 778.479E6 km
• π = (7.40595E11 ± 2.2360679774997896964091736687313E6) m = 2μ − α
• r_e = 71492 km

Saturn

Planet Saturn.

• α = 1514.50E6 km
• D_min = (1.2004560186134699548183710495541E12 ± 2.2360679797358577847444035813535E7) m = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• μ = 1433.53E6 km
• π = (1.35256E12 ± 2.2360679774997896964091736687313E7) m = 2μ − α
• r_e = 60268 km

Uranus

Planet Uranus.

• α = 3.00639E9 km
• D_min = (2.5834500186134699548183710495541E12 ± 1.0198039076214605781486501623154E7) m = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• μ = 2.870972E9 km
• π = (2.735554E12 ± 1.0198039027185569660056448218046E7) m = 2μ − α
• r_e = (25559 ± 4) km

Neptune

Planet Neptune.

• α = (4.537303418331E12 ± 1.495978707E9) m = 30.33 AU
• D_min = (4.3074085441804699548183710495541E12 ± 3.3451100817443899547256709114980E9) m = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• μ = (4.498407971949E12 ± 1.495978707E9) m = 30.07 AU
• π = (4.459512525567E12 ± 3.3451100817442404828061181678871E9) m = 2μ − α
• r_e = (24764 ± 15) km

Terra

Planet Terra.

• α = 152097597 km
• f = 0.0033528106647474807198455286185206 ± 1.1241339353644443553823696996327E-14 = 298.257223563⁻¹
• h = +6263.47 m
• μ = 149598023 km
• φ = −(0.025641801411647532015402479952681 ± 1.7453292519943295769236907684886E-8)^r = −1.469167°
• π = (1.47098449E11 ± 2236.0679774997896964091736687313) m = 2μ − α
• r_e = 6378.1370 km
• r_max = (6.3843865300451816289504459171215E6 ± 0.22375682286241097235424315226049) m = √([{cos(φ)r_e²}² + {sin(φ)r_p²}²]/[{cos(φ)r_e}² + {sin(φ)r_p}²]) + h
• r_p = (6.3567523142451794975639665996337E6 ± 0.099664718933551041988577273088083) m = −(f − 1)a

Venus

Planet Venus.

• m = 4.8675 Rg
• P = 20.99715264 Ms = 243.0226 d
• r_e = 6.0518001540473630205875615870764 Mm = (6.0518 Mm)([5n_π²{6.0518 Mm}³/{3GmP²}] + 1)
• α = 108.94 Gm
• d_min = 38.152065613470157943072323733871 Gm = π₀ − α − r_max,0

Mars

Planet Mars.

• r_e = 3.3962 Mm
• π = 206.650 Gm
• d_min = 54.546018613470157943072323733871 Gm = π − α₀ − r_max,0

Ganymede

Jovian Satellite Ganymede.

• m = 148.19 Yg
• P = 618.153375744 ks = 7.15455296 d
• r = 2.6343095368525535298979659694619 Mm = (2.6341 Mm)([5n_π²{2.6341 Mm}³/{3GmP²}] + 1)
• α = 1.0716 Gm
• d_min = 587.41941861347015794307232373387 Gm = d_min,Jupiter − α

Titan

Saturnian Satellite Titan.

• r = 2.57473 Mm
• α = 1.25706 Gm
• d_min = 1.1991889586134701579430723237339 Tm = d_min,Saturn − α

Mercury

Planet Mercury.

• r_e = 2.4407983592616677504877194737632 Mm = −2(2.4397 Mm)/(0.0009 − 2)
• α = 69.82 Gm
• d_min = 77.272065613470157943072323733871 Gm = π₀ − α − r_max,0

Callisto

Jovian Satellite Callisto.

• m = 107.5938 Yg
• P = 1.44193118976 Ms = 16.6890184 d
• r = 2.4103371835504931845570782568187 Mm = (2.4103 Mm)([5n_π²{2.4103 Mm}³/{3GmP²}] + 1)
• α = 1.897 Gm
• d_min = 586.59401861347015794307232373387 Gm = d_min,Jupiter − α

Io

Jovian Satellite Io.

• r_e,b = 1.8187 Mm = (3.6374/2) Mm
• α = 423.4 Mm
• d_min = 588.06761861347015794307232373387 Gm = d_min,Jupiter − α

Luna

Terran Satellite Luna.

• r_e = 1.7381 Mm
• π_min = 356.4 Mm
• d_min = 350.01561347015794307232373387065 Mm = π_min − r_max,0

Europa

Jovian Satellite Europa.

• r = 1.5608 Mm
• α = 676.938 Mm
• d_min = 587.81408061347015794307232373387 Gm = d_min,Jupiter − α

Iapetus

Saturnian Satellite Iapetus.

• r_e = 746.00 km = (1.4920/2) Mm
• α = 3.659387770584 Gm = (0.0276812 + 1)(3.56082 Gm)
• d_min = 1.1967866308428861579430723237339 Tm = d_min,Saturn − α
• δ_p,max = 0.25714449258506853269763466887060" = 2asin(r_p/d_min)

Ceres

Minor Planet Ceres.

• r_e,b = 481.0 km = (962.0/2) km
• π = 381 Gm
• d_min = 228.89601861347015794307232373387 Gm = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• δ_p,max = 0.86688595464357998161003398040218" = 2asin(r_p/d_min)

Vesta

Minor Planet Vesta.

• r_e,b = 278.6 km = (557.2/2) km
• π = 322 Gm
• d_min = 169.89601861347015794307232373387 Gm = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• δ_p,max = 0.67647700622350749837333046252586" = 2asin(r_p/d_min)

Pallas

Minor Planet Pallas.

• r_e,b = 266 km = (532/2) km
• π = 319 Gm
• d_min = 166.89601861347015794307232373387 Gm = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• δ_p,max = 0.65749247846134773534338734227922" = 2asin(r_p/d_min)

Juno

Minor Planet Juno.

• r_e,b = 125 km = (250/2) km
• π = 297.0 Gm
• d_min = 144.89601861347015794307232373387 Gm = π − α₀ − r_max,0
• δ_p,max = 0.35588418546778944267259225024255" = 2asin(r_p/d_min)

formulae

• δ_p,max = 2asin(r_p/d_min) = maximum polar angular diameter
• d_min,S,0 = π_S,0 − r_max,0 = minimum distance of Terran satellite
• d_min,P,inf = π₀ − α_P,inf − r_max,0 = minimum distance of inferior planet
• d_min,P,sup = π_P,sup − α₀ − r_max,0 = minimum distance of superior planet
• d_min,S,sup = d_min,P,sup − α_S,sup = minimum distance of superior satellite

constants

• G = 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg² = gravitational constant